Gramatika pa inglish
(→Simple sentence) |
(→Simple sentence) |
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- nouns formed from verbs: lOpi / lOping – run / running | - nouns formed from verbs: lOpi / lOping – run / running | ||
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== Simple sentence == | == Simple sentence == | ||
| + | 1. Word order in a clause: subject – predicate – object (usually) | ||
| − | + | - ''Me (I) lubi (to love) yu (you). – I love you.'' | |
| − | + | ||
| − | ''Me (I) lubi (to love) yu (you). – I love you.'' | + | |
To mark the change of the word order special particles are used: | To mark the change of the word order special particles are used: | ||
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b) den (before the object): | b) den (before the object): | ||
| − | ''Lubi (to love) da me (I). – | + | - ''Lubi (to love) da me (I). – I love.'' |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | - ''Den yu (you) me (I) lubi (to love). – I love you. It's you whom I love.'' | ||
| − | Word order in a phrase: adjective is before a noun (usually). | + | 2. Word order in a phrase: adjective is before a noun (usually). |
| − | ''Es (is/are) may (my) syao (little) son (son). – That's my little son.'' | + | - ''Es (is/are) may (my) syao (little) son (son). – That's my little son.'' |
To emphasize the adjective, it can be placed after the noun. | To emphasize the adjective, it can be placed after the noun. | ||
| − | ''Me (I) pri (to like) elay (her) gran (big) okos (eyes) blu (blue). – I like her big blue eyes.'' | + | - ''Me (I) pri (to like) elay (her) gran (big) okos (eyes) blu (blue). – I like her big blue eyes.'' |
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3. Predicative adjectives and nominals | 3. Predicative adjectives and nominals | ||
| − | ''May (my) mata (mother) es (is) talimer (teacher). – My mother is a teacher.'' | + | - ''May (my) mata (mother) es (is) talimer (teacher). – My mother is a teacher.'' |
| − | ''May (my) sista (sister) yao (to want) bikam (to become) leker (doctor). – My sister wants to become a doctor.'' | + | - ''May (my) sista (sister) yao (to want) bikam (to become) leker (doctor). – My sister wants to become a doctor.'' |
| − | ''Sey (this) gela (girl) es (is) muy (very) jamile (beautiful). – This girl is very beautiful.'' | + | - ''Sey (this) gela (girl) es (is) muy (very) jamile (beautiful). – This girl is very beautiful.'' |
| − | ''Es (is) jamile (beautiful) hir (here). – It's beautiful here.'' | + | - ''Es (is) jamile (beautiful) hir (here). – It's beautiful here.'' |
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4. Impersonal sentence (without the subject) | 4. Impersonal sentence (without the subject) | ||
| − | ''Pluvi (to rain) gro (much). – It rains / is raining much.'' | + | - ''Pluvi (to rain) gro (much). – It rains / is raining much.'' |
| − | ''Treba (it's necessary) shwo (to talk). – It's necessary to talk.'' | + | - ''Treba (it's necessary) shwo (to talk). – It's necessary to talk.'' |
| − | ''Es (is) garme (hot). – It's hot.'' | + | - ''Es (is) garme (hot). – It's hot.'' |
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5. Negation: negation particle bu is placed before the verb group. | 5. Negation: negation particle bu is placed before the verb group. | ||
| − | ''Lu (he) bu (not) somni (to sleep). – He doesn't sleep / isn't sleeping.'' | + | - ''Lu (he) bu (not) somni (to sleep). – He doesn't sleep / isn't sleeping.'' |
| − | ''Me (I) bu (not) wud (would) yao (to want) resti (to remain) dar (there). – I won't stay there.'' | + | - ''Me (I) bu (not) wud (would) yao (to want) resti (to remain) dar (there). – I won't stay there.'' |
If there is at least one negative word in the phrase, the whole phrase gets a negative meaning. If there are several of them, that only emphasizes the negative meaning. | If there is at least one negative word in the phrase, the whole phrase gets a negative meaning. If there are several of them, that only emphasizes the negative meaning. | ||
| − | ''Lu (he) bu (not) samaji (to understand) nixa (nothing), neva (never)! – He doesn't understand anything, ever!'' | + | - ''Lu (he) bu (not) samaji (to understand) nixa (nothing), neva (never)! – He doesn't understand anything, ever!'' |
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6. General question: the particle '''ob''' (is placed before the phrase): | 6. General question: the particle '''ob''' (is placed before the phrase): | ||
| − | ''Ob yu (you) lubi (to love) me (I)? – Do you love me?'' | + | - ''Ob yu (you) lubi (to love) me (I)? – Do you love me?'' |
Possible answers: '''ya''' (yes), '''non''' (no), '''doh''' | Possible answers: '''ya''' (yes), '''non''' (no), '''doh''' | ||
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a) "'''bu ver'''?" (is placed after a phrase, with a comma): | a) "'''bu ver'''?" (is placed after a phrase, with a comma): | ||
| − | ''Es (is) hao (good) meteo (weather), bu (not) ver (really)? – The weather is good, isn't it?'' | + | - ''Es (is) hao (good) meteo (weather), bu (not) ver (really)? – The weather is good, isn't it?'' |
Possible answers: '''ver''' (yes, it's true), '''bu es ver''' (no, it isn't true). | Possible answers: '''ver''' (yes, it's true), '''bu es ver''' (no, it isn't true). | ||
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b) Repeating of the verb with "bu" particle: | b) Repeating of the verb with "bu" particle: | ||
| − | ''Yu lai-bu-lai? – Are you coming (or not)?'' | + | - ''Yu lai-bu-lai? – Are you coming (or not)?'' |
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8. Emphasizing of the whole phrase meaning: '''ya''' (before or after the predicate) | 8. Emphasizing of the whole phrase meaning: '''ya''' (before or after the predicate) | ||
| − | ''Me (I) ya lubi (to love) yu (you)! – I love you indeed!'' | + | - ''Me (I) ya lubi (to love) yu (you)! – I love you indeed!'' |
| − | ''Es (is) ya hao (good) dey (day)! – What a good day!'' | + | - ''Es (is) ya hao (good) dey (day)! – What a good day!'' |
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9. Emphasizing of a single word: '''hi''' (in assertion), '''ku''' (in a question) | 9. Emphasizing of a single word: '''hi''' (in assertion), '''ku''' (in a question) | ||
| − | ''Me (I) hi bu (not) yao (to want) somni (to sleep). – Personally I don't want to sleep.'' | + | - ''Me (I) hi bu (not) yao (to want) somni (to sleep). – Personally I don't want to sleep.'' |
| − | ''Yu (you) ku bu (not) yao (to want) somni (to sleep)? – Is it you who doesn't want to sleep?'' | + | - ''Yu (you) ku bu (not) yao (to want) somni (to sleep)? – Is it you who doesn't want to sleep?'' |
== Compound Sentence == | == Compound Sentence == | ||
