Gramatika pa inglish
(→Compound Sentence) |
(→Compound Sentence) |
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1. The sentence topic: one can specialize the topic of the sentence at the beginning. | 1. The sentence topic: one can specialize the topic of the sentence at the beginning. | ||
| − | ''Sey (this) aksham (evening), ob ("if") yu (you) ve ("will") go (to go) a ("to") koylok (somewhere)? – Are you going somewhere tonight?'' | + | - ''Sey (this) aksham (evening), ob ("if") yu (you) ve ("will") go (to go) a ("to") koylok (somewhere)? – Are you going somewhere tonight?'' |
2. Simple sentences may be combined into complex ones by conjunctions or combination "preposition + ke": | 2. Simple sentences may be combined into complex ones by conjunctions or combination "preposition + ke": | ||
| − | ''Me (I) pri (to like) gani (to sing) e (and) yu (you) pri (to like) rasmi (to draw). – I like to sing and you like to draw.'' | + | - ''Me (I) pri (to like) gani (to sing) e (and) yu (you) pri (to like) rasmi (to draw). – I like to sing and you like to draw.'' |
| − | ''Me (I) wud ("would") yao (to want) lekti (to read) bat (but) kitaba (book) yok (there is no). – I would like to read but there is no book.'' | + | ''- Me (I) wud ("would") yao (to want) lekti (to read) bat (but) kitaba (book) yok (there is no). – I would like to read but there is no book.'' |
| − | ''Me (I) promeni (to go walking) obwol (although) pluvi (to rain). – I'm walking although it's raining.'' | + | ''- Me (I) promeni (to go walking) obwol (although) pluvi (to rain). – I'm walking although it's raining.'' |
| − | ''Me (I) mog (can) go (go) adar (there), bat (but) sol (only) kun (with) ke ("that") yu (you) go (to go) toshi (too). – I can go there, but only if you also go.'' | + | ''- Me (I) mog (can) go (go) adar (there), bat (but) sol (only) kun (with) ke ("that") yu (you) go (to go) toshi (too). – I can go there, but only if you also go.'' |
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a) with the conjunction '''ke''': | a) with the conjunction '''ke''': | ||
| − | ''Me (I) vidi (to see) ke ("that") ela (she) rasmi (to draw). – I can see that she is drawing.'' | + | ''- Me (I) vidi (to see) ke ("that") ela (she) rasmi (to draw). – I can see that she is drawing.'' |
b) with preposition + the conjunction '''ke''': | b) with preposition + the conjunction '''ke''': | ||
| − | ''Me (I) shwo (talk) om (about) ke ("that") yu (you) bu (not) gun (to work). – I talk about the fact that you don't work.'' | + | ''- Me (I) shwo (talk) om (about) ke ("that") yu (you) bu (not) gun (to work). – I talk about the fact that you don't work.'' |
c) with the particle ob: | c) with the particle ob: | ||
| − | ''Me (I) bu (not) jan (to know) ob ("if") ta (he / she) es (is) in (in) dom (house). – I don't know if he / she is at home.'' | + | - ''Me (I) bu (not) jan (to know) ob ("if") ta (he / she) es (is) in (in) dom (house). – I don't know if he / she is at home.'' |
d) with a question word: | d) with a question word: | ||
| − | ''Me (I) jan (to know) kwo (what) yu (you) yao (to want). – I know what you want.'' | + | - ''Me (I) jan (to know) kwo (what) yu (you) yao (to want). – I know what you want.'' |
e) After perception verbs (vidi (to see), kan (to look), audi (to hear), slu (to listen) etc.) there are can be "noun + participle" | e) After perception verbs (vidi (to see), kan (to look), audi (to hear), slu (to listen) etc.) there are can be "noun + participle" | ||
combination: | combination: | ||
| − | ''Me (I) vidi (to see) ela (her) rasmi-she (drawing). – I see her draw.'' | + | - ''Me (I) vidi (to see) ela (her) rasmi-she (drawing). – I see her draw.'' |
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a) If the attribute phrase is before the noun, use '''ti .. na''' to mark it: | a) If the attribute phrase is before the noun, use '''ti .. na''' to mark it: | ||
| − | ''{ Ti yu (you) vidi (to see) na boy (boy) } janmog (can) gani (to sing) hao (well). – The boy that you see can sing well.'' | + | - ''{ Ti yu (you) vidi (to see) na boy (boy) } janmog (can) gani (to sing) hao (well). – The boy that you see can sing well.'' |
b) If the attribute phrase is after the noun, it is introduced by the conjunction '''ke''': | b) If the attribute phrase is after the noun, it is introduced by the conjunction '''ke''': | ||
| − | ''{ Boy (boy) ke ("that") yu (you) vidi (to see) } janmog (to know how) gani (to sing) gro-hao (greatly). – The boy that you see can sing beautifully.'' | + | - ''{ Boy (boy) ke ("that") yu (you) vidi (to see) } janmog (to know how) gani (to sing) gro-hao (greatly). – The boy that you see can sing beautifully.'' |
| − | + | - ''{ To (that) ke ("that") yu (you) shwo (to say) } es (is) hao (good). – The thing that you are talking about is good.'' | |
c) The attribute phrase may have the same subject as the main phrase. In this case the pronoun '''kel''' (..na) is used: | c) The attribute phrase may have the same subject as the main phrase. In this case the pronoun '''kel''' (..na) is used: | ||
| − | ''Me (I) vidi (to see) boy (boy) { kel janmog (to know how) gani (to sing) gro-hao (greatly)}. – I see the boy who can sing beautifully.'' | + | - ''Me (I) vidi (to see) boy (boy) { kel janmog (to know how) gani (to sing) gro-hao (greatly)}. – I see the boy who can sing beautifully.'' |
| − | ''Boy (boy) kel janmog (to know how) gani (to sing) gro-hao (greatly) na es (is / are) hir (here). - The boy who can sing beatifully is here.'' | + | - ''Boy (boy) kel janmog (to know how) gani (to sing) gro-hao (greatly) na es (is / are) hir (here). - The boy who can sing beatifully is here.'' |
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a) with the particle '''ke''': | a) with the particle '''ke''': | ||
| − | ''May (my) opina (opinion) es (is) { ke ("that") yu (you) es (is / are) verem (truly) jamile (beautiful) }. – My opinion is that you are | + | - ''May (my) opina (opinion) es (is) { ke ("that") yu (you) es (is / are) verem (truly) jamile (beautiful) }. – My opinion is that you are |
really beautiful.'' | really beautiful.'' | ||
