Gramatika pa inglish
(→Vowels) |
(→Word stress) |
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The combination '''ng''' is pronounced as the English ng: bruing ''(brewing)'' – brewing | The combination '''ng''' is pronounced as the English ng: bruing ''(brewing)'' – brewing | ||
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=== Word stress === | === Word stress === | ||
The general rule is as follows: the vowel before the last consonant or "y" is stressed. | The general rule is as follows: the vowel before the last consonant or "y" is stressed. | ||
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Thus, if the word ends in a consonant, the last syllable is stressed: kalAm – pencil, sabAh – morning | Thus, if the word ends in a consonant, the last syllable is stressed: kalAm – pencil, sabAh – morning | ||
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If the word ends in a vowel, the syllable before the last one is stressed: mAta – mother, kitAba – book, famIlia – family | If the word ends in a vowel, the syllable before the last one is stressed: mAta – mother, kitAba – book, famIlia – family | ||
| − | + | The "'''y'''" itself is never stressed, it can affect the stress position though: dEy – day, ruchEy – brook | |
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| − | The "y" itself is never stressed, it can affect the stress position though: dEy – day, ruchEy – brook | + | |
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If there are 2 vowels in the syllablem one should remember that "u" and "i" in combinations (au, eu, ai, ei, oi) are not stressed, and "o" is | If there are 2 vowels in the syllablem one should remember that "u" and "i" in combinations (au, eu, ai, ei, oi) are not stressed, and "o" is | ||
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-'''en''' (exAmen – exam, Iven – even) | -'''en''' (exAmen – exam, Iven – even) | ||
| − | + | Endings -'''ik'''- and -'''ul'''- in simple (not compound) nouns and adjectives are not stressed: gramAtika – grammar, pUblika – audience, Afrika – Africa, polItike – politic, lOgike – logic, stImula – stimulus, fAbula – fairy-tale, fOrmula – formule | |
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| − | Endings -'''ik'''- and -'''ul'''- in simple (not compound) nouns and adjectives are not stressed: | + | |
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| − | gramAtika – grammar, pUblika – audience, Afrika – Africa, polItike – politic, lOgike – logic, | + | |
| − | stImula – stimulus, fAbula – fairy-tale, fOrmula – formule | + | |
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-'''im''' in "mInim" (the least), "mInimum", "mAximum" is not stressed. | -'''im''' in "mInim" (the least), "mInimum", "mAximum" is not stressed. | ||
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In some special cases the non-standard stress is indicated by doubled vowel: adyoo – bye, namastee – hello, how do you do | In some special cases the non-standard stress is indicated by doubled vowel: adyoo – bye, namastee – hello, how do you do | ||
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Compound words retain the stress of the components. | Compound words retain the stress of the components. | ||
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The stress doesn't change when using the following: | The stress doesn't change when using the following: | ||
| + | - the plural form of nouns (+ (e)s): kitAba / kitAbas – book / books, man / mAnes – man / men | ||
| − | + | - adverbs formed from adjectives: jamIle / jamIlem – beautiful / beautifully | |
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| − | + | - nouns formed from verbs: lOpi / lOping – run / running | |
== Simple sentence == | == Simple sentence == | ||
