Gramatika pa inglish

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(4. Adverb)
(Compound Sentence)
 
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{{Gramatika}}
  
 
== The alphabet and pronounciation ==
 
== The alphabet and pronounciation ==
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''- Me (I) vidi (to see) ke ("that") ela (she) rasmi (to draw). – I can see that she is drawing.''
 
''- Me (I) vidi (to see) ke ("that") ela (she) rasmi (to draw). – I can see that she is drawing.''
  
b) with preposition + the conjunction '''ke''':
+
b) with preposition + the particle '''ke''':
  
 
''- Me (I) shwo (talk) om (about) ke ("that") yu (you) bu (not) gun (to work). – I talk about the fact that you don't work.''
 
''- Me (I) shwo (talk) om (about) ke ("that") yu (you) bu (not) gun (to work). – I talk about the fact that you don't work.''
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- ''{ Ti yu (you) vidi (to see) na boy (boy) } janmog (can) gani (to sing) hao (well). – The boy that you see can sing well.''
 
- ''{ Ti yu (you) vidi (to see) na boy (boy) } janmog (can) gani (to sing) hao (well). – The boy that you see can sing well.''
  
b) If the attribute phrase is after the noun, it is introduced by the conjunction '''ke''':
+
b) If the attribute phrase is after the noun, it is introduced by the particle '''ke''':
  
 
- ''{ Boy (boy) ke ("that") yu (you) vidi (to see) } janmog (to know how) gani (to sing) gro-hao (greatly). – The boy that you see can sing beautifully.''
 
- ''{ Boy (boy) ke ("that") yu (you) vidi (to see) } janmog (to know how) gani (to sing) gro-hao (greatly). – The boy that you see can sing beautifully.''
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a) '''pyu... kem''' (more... than), '''meno... kem''' (less... than)
 
a) '''pyu... kem''' (more... than), '''meno... kem''' (less... than)
  
- ''May (мой) syao (маленький) kamila (ромашка) es (есть) pyu (более) jamile (красивый) kem (чем) yur (твой) gran (большой) rosa (роза). – Моя маленькая ромашка красивее чем твоя большая роза.''
+
- ''May (my) syao (little) kamila (camomille) es (is / are) pyu (more) jamile (beautiful) kem (than) yur (your) gran (big) rosa (rose). – My little camomille is more beautiful than your rose..''
  
 
b) '''sam .. kom''' (as... as),
 
b) '''sam .. kom''' (as... as),
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- ''Nul (no) kota (cat) pri (to like) chi (to eat) legum (vegetable). – No cat likes to eat vegetables.''
 
- ''Nul (no) kota (cat) pri (to like) chi (to eat) legum (vegetable). – No cat likes to eat vegetables.''
 
  
 
=== 4. Adverb ===
 
=== 4. Adverb ===
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a) -'''ki''' (diminutive, doesn't change the quality): ''doga (dog) – doga-ki (a little dog, doggy); somni (to sleep) – somni-ki (to take a nap)''
 
a) -'''ki''' (diminutive, doesn't change the quality): ''doga (dog) – doga-ki (a little dog, doggy); somni (to sleep) – somni-ki (to take a nap)''
  
b) -'''kin''' (diminutive, with some change of quality): ''barela (barrel) – barelakin (keg)''
+
b) '''gro'''- (magnifying, without change in meaning): ''okos (eyes) – gro-okos (big eyes), gao (high, tall) – gro-gao (very high), danke (thank you) – gro-danke (thank you very much), pluvi (to rain) – gro-pluvi (to rain heavily)''
 
+
c) '''gro'''- (magnifying, without change in meaning): ''okos (eyes) – gro-okos (big eyes), gao (high, tall) – gro-gao (very high), danke (thank you) – gro-danke (thank you very much), pluvi (to rain) – gro-pluvi (to rain heavily)''
+
 
+
d) -'''gron''' (magnifying, with some change of meaning): ''denta (tooth) – dentagron (tusk)''
+
  
 
1.3. '''pre'''- (precedence): ''vidi (to see) – previdi (to foresee), nam (name) – prenam (first name), yeri (yesterday) – preyeri (the day before yesterday)''
 
1.3. '''pre'''- (precedence): ''vidi (to see) – previdi (to foresee), nam (name) – prenam (first name), yeri (yesterday) – preyeri (the day before yesterday)''
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=== 2. Noun ===
 
=== 2. Noun ===
 +
 +
2.1. Diminutive and magnifying:
 +
 +
a) -'''kin''' (diminutive, with some change of quality): ''barela (barrel) – barelakin (keg)''
 +
 +
b) -'''gron''' (magnifying, with some change of meaning): ''denta (tooth) – dentagron (tusk)''
 +
 +
2.2. Other:
  
 
a) -'''inka''' (particle): ''snega (snow) – sneginka (snowflake)''
 
a) -'''inka''' (particle): ''snega (snow) – sneginka (snowflake)''
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d) '''be'''- (changes the object): ''dumi (to think) – bedumi koysa (ponder over something)'', ''chori (to steal) – bechori koywan (to rob somebody)''
 
d) '''be'''- (changes the object): ''dumi (to think) – bedumi koysa (ponder over something)'', ''chori (to steal) – bechori koywan (to rob somebody)''
 
  
 
== Prepositions ==
 
== Prepositions ==
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1. Conjunctions unite: either words of the same class or whole clauses.
 
1. Conjunctions unite: either words of the same class or whole clauses.
  
1.1. simple:
+
=== 1.1. simple: ===
  
 
a) combination: '''e''' (and)
 
a) combination: '''e''' (and)
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1.2. doubled:
+
=== 1.2. doubled: ===
  
 
a) both...and: '''i .. i''': ''Me (I) lubi (to love) i yu (you) i ela (she). – I love both you and her.''
 
a) both...and: '''i .. i''': ''Me (I) lubi (to love) i yu (you) i ela (she). – I love both you and her.''
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1.3. phrasal:
+
=== 1.3. phrasal: ===
  
 
a) condition: '''si''': ''Me (I) lai (to come) si yu (you) yao (to want). – I will come if you want.''
 
a) condition: '''si''': ''Me (I) lai (to come) si yu (you) yao (to want). – I will come if you want.''
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- ''Me (I) koni (to know, to be acquainted)  yu (you) yedoh me (I) bu (not) koni (to know, to be acquainted) yur (your) sista (sister). – I know you, however I don't know your sister.''
 
- ''Me (I) koni (to know, to be acquainted)  yu (you) yedoh me (I) bu (not) koni (to know, to be acquainted) yur (your) sista (sister). – I know you, however I don't know your sister.''
 +
  
 
== Numerals ==
 
== Numerals ==
 
  
 
1. Words denoting a number (with all such words the basic form of noun is used)
 
1. Words denoting a number (with all such words the basic form of noun is used)
  
1.1. basic numerals
+
=== 1.1. basic numerals ===
  
 
a) units
 
a) units
  
nol (0)
+
'''nol''' (0)
 
+
un (1), dwa (2), tri (3), char (4), pet (5),
+
  
sit (6), sem (7), ot (8), nin (9), shi (10)
+
'''un''' (1), '''dwa''' (2), '''tri''' (3), '''char''' (4), '''pet''' (5), '''sit''' (6), '''sem''' (7), '''ot''' (8), '''nin''' (9), '''shi''' (10)
  
 
a) tens
 
a) tens
  
dwashi (20), trishi (30), charshi (40) ... ninshi (90) (written as one word)
+
'''dwashi''' (20), '''trishi''' (30), '''charshi''' (40) ... '''ninshi''' (90) ''(written as one word)''
  
 
b) hundreds
 
b) hundreds
  
sto (100), dwasto (200), tristo (300) ... ninsto (900) (written as one word)
+
'''sto''' (100), '''dwasto''' (200), '''tristo''' (300) ... '''ninsto''' (900) ''(written as one word)''
  
c) thousand: mil (1000) (written in several words)
+
c) thousand: '''mil''' (1000) ''(written in several words)''
  
d) million: milion (1.000.000) (written in several words)
+
d) million: '''milion''' (1.000.000) ''(written in several words)''
  
 
e) numbers
 
e) numbers
  
shi-un (11), shi-dwa (12), shi-tri (13) ... shi-nin (19)
+
'''shi-un''' (11), '''shi-dwa''' (12), '''shi-tri''' (13) ... '''shi-nin''' (19)
  
dwashi-un (21), petshi-sem (57)
+
'''dwashi-un''' (21), '''petshi-sem''' (57)
  
 
22 957 = dwashi-dwa mil ninsto-petshi-sem
 
22 957 = dwashi-dwa mil ninsto-petshi-sem
  
  
1.2. Fractions: -fen
+
1.2. Fractions: -'''fen'''
  
un dwafen – 1/2
+
- ''un dwafen – 1/2''
  
sem shifen – 7/10
+
- ''sem shifen – 7/10; 0,7''
  
tri koma pet – 3,5
+
- ''tri koma pet – 3,5''
  
  
 +
=== Deriven worda ===
  
 
1.3. Adjectives:
 
1.3. Adjectives:
  
a) un-ney (the first), dwa-ney (the second), tri-ney (the third) ...
+
a) -'''ney''': un-ney (the first), dwa-ney (the second), tri-ney (the third) ...
  
b) unple (single), dwaple (double) ...
+
b) -'''ple''': unple (single), dwaple (double) ...
  
  
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1.4. Adverbs:
 
1.4. Adverbs:
  
a) un-nem (firstly), dwa-nem (secondly) ...
+
a) -'''nem''': un-nem (firstly), dwa-nem (secondly) ...
  
b) dwaplem (twice), triplem (three times as much) ...
+
b) -'''plem''': dwaplem (twice), triplem (three times as much) ...
  
  
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1.5. Nouns:
 
1.5. Nouns:
  
a) unka (one), dwaka (two) ...  
+
a) -'''ka''': unka (one), dwaka (two) ...  
  
b) haf (half), para (pair)
+
b) '''haf''' (half), '''para''' (pair)
  
  
1.6. Pronouns  
+
=== 1.6. Pronouns ===
  
a) mucho (many, much)
+
a) '''mucho''' (many, much)
  
b) pluri (several)
+
b) '''pluri''' (several)
  
c) kelke (some)
+
c) '''kelke''' (some)
  
d) idyen (a little, a few)
+
d) '''idyen''' (a little, a few)
  
e) shao (little, few)
+
e) '''shao''' (little, few)
  
Me (I) vidi (to see) mucho (many, much) flor (flower). – I see a lot of flowers.
+
- ''Me (I) vidi (to see) mucho (many, much) flor (flower). – I see a lot of flowers.''
  
Ta (he/she) hev (to have) shao (little, few) kalam (pencil). – He/she has few pencils.
+
- ''Ta (he/she) hev (to have) shao (little, few) kalam (pencil). – He/she has few pencils.''
  
f) zuy mucho = maiste, zuy shao = minim
+
f) zuy mucho = '''maiste''', zuy shao = '''minim'''
  
Lu (he) hev (to have) minim bonbon (sweet). – He has the smallest amount of sweets.
+
- ''Lu (he) hev (to have) minim bonbon (sweet). – He has the smallest amount of sweets.''
  
g) kwanto (how many. how much)
+
g) '''kwanto''' (how many. how much)
  
h) tanto (so, to such extent)
+
h) '''tanto''' (so, to such extent)
  
  
2. Date
+
=== 2. Date ===
  
2.1. days of the week: numeral + di
+
2.1. days of the week: numeral + '''di'''
  
 
a) undi (Monday)
 
a) undi (Monday)
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l) desemba = mes-shi-dwa (December)
 
l) desemba = mes-shi-dwa (December)
  
dey trishi-un de mes-shi-dwa – the 31th of December
+
- ''dey trishi-un de mes-shi-dwa – the 31th of December''
  
dey 21 mes 9 yar 1945 – 21.9.1945
+
- ''dey 21 mes 9 yar 1945 – 21.9.1945''
  
  
3. O'clock: klok
+
3. O'clock: '''klok'''
 
+
● klok dwa – two o'clock
+
 
+
● klok sem sin pet – five before seven o'clock
+
 
+
klok sit e haf – half past six
+
  
 +
-''klok dwa – two o'clock''
  
 +
- ''klok sem sin pet – five before seven o'clock''
  
 +
- ''klok sit e haf – half past six''
  
 
== Exclamations ==
 
== Exclamations ==
  
  
1. Greetings
+
=== 1. Greetings ===
  
1.1. Swasti! – (universal greeting) Be happy! Let the peace be on the Earth!
+
1.1. '''Swasti'''! – (universal greeting) Be happy! Let the peace be on the Earth!
  
 
1.2. Compound greetings
 
1.2. Compound greetings
  
a) Hao sabah! – Good morning!
+
a) '''Hao sabah'''! – Good morning!
  
b) Hao dey! – Good afternoon!
+
b) '''Hao dey'''! – Good afternoon!
  
c) Hao aksham! – Good evening!
+
c) '''Hao aksham'''! – Good evening!
 +
 
 +
d) '''Hao nocha'''! – Good night!
  
d) Hao nocha! – Good night!
 
  
 
1.3. Simple greetings
 
1.3. Simple greetings
  
a) Salam! Heloo! Ola! – Hello!
+
a) '''Salam! Heloo! Ola!''' – Hello!
 +
 
 +
b) '''Namastee! Nihao!''' – Hello! How do you do!
  
b) Namastee! Nihao! – Hello! How do you do!
 
  
 
1.4. Bye
 
1.4. Bye
  
a) Chao! – Bye!
+
a) '''Chao'''! – Bye!
  
b) Adyoo! – Good bye!
+
b) '''Adyoo'''! – Good bye!
  
  
2. Politeness words
+
=== 2. Politeness words ===
  
 
2.1. Thankfulness
 
2.1. Thankfulness
  
a) Danke! Shukran! – Thank you!  
+
a) '''Danke! Shukran'''! – Thank you!  
  
b) Danke gro! – Thank you very much!
+
b) '''Danke gro'''! – Thank you very much!
 +
 
 +
c) '''Bi hao!''' – You are welcome!
  
c) Bi hao! – You are welcome!
 
  
 
2.2 Excuse
 
2.2 Excuse
  
Skusi! – Excuse me!
+
'''Skusi'''! – Excuse me!
 +
 
  
 
2.3. Request
 
2.3. Request
  
a) Plis – please (when asking)
+
a) '''Plis''' – please (when asking)
 
+
b) Bi karim – be kind
+
 
+
2.4. Swaagat! – Welcome!
+
  
 +
b) '''Bi karim''' – be kind
  
 +
2.4. '''Swaagat!''' – Welcome!
  
3. Interjections
 
  
a) Afsos! – Alas!
+
=== 3. Interjections ===
  
b) Kamon! – Come on!
+
a) '''Afsos'''! – Alas!
  
c) wel well
+
b) '''Kamon'''! Come on!
  
 +
c) '''wel''' – well
  
 +
{{Lingwa de Planeta}}
  
[[Category:Gramatika]]
+
[[Category:Gramatika de Lingwa de Planeta]]
 +
[[Category:Lingwa de Planeta pa inglish]]

Latest revision as of 16:12, 3 July 2014

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