Gramatika pa inglish

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(Simple sentence)
(Simple sentence)
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- nouns formed from verbs: lOpi / lOping – run / running
 
- nouns formed from verbs: lOpi / lOping – run / running
 +
  
  
 
== Simple sentence ==
 
== Simple sentence ==
  
 +
1. Word order in a clause: subject – predicate – object (usually)
  
Word order in a clause: subject – predicate – object (usually)
+
- ''Me (I) lubi (to love) yu (you). – I love you.''
 
+
''Me (I) lubi (to love) yu (you). – I love you.''
+
  
 
To mark the change of the word order special particles are used:
 
To mark the change of the word order special particles are used:
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b) den (before the object):
 
b) den (before the object):
  
''Lubi (to love) da me (I). – I love.''
+
- ''Lubi (to love) da me (I). – I love.''
 
+
''Den yu (you) me (I) lubi (to love). – I love you. It's you whom I love.''
+
  
 +
- ''Den yu (you) me (I) lubi (to love). – I love you. It's you whom I love.''
  
  
  
Word order in a phrase: adjective is before a noun (usually).
+
2. Word order in a phrase: adjective is before a noun (usually).
  
''Es (is/are) may (my) syao (little) son (son). – That's my little son.''
+
- ''Es (is/are) may (my) syao (little) son (son). – That's my little son.''
  
 
To emphasize the adjective, it can be placed after the noun.
 
To emphasize the adjective, it can be placed after the noun.
  
''Me (I) pri (to like) elay (her) gran (big) okos (eyes) blu (blue). – I like her big blue eyes.''
+
- ''Me (I) pri (to like) elay (her) gran (big) okos (eyes) blu (blue). – I like her big blue eyes.''
  
  
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3. Predicative adjectives and nominals
 
3. Predicative adjectives and nominals
  
''May (my) mata (mother) es (is) talimer (teacher). – My mother is a teacher.''
+
- ''May (my) mata (mother) es (is) talimer (teacher). – My mother is a teacher.''
  
''May (my) sista (sister) yao (to want) bikam (to become) leker (doctor). – My sister wants to become a doctor.''
+
- ''May (my) sista (sister) yao (to want) bikam (to become) leker (doctor). – My sister wants to become a doctor.''
  
''Sey (this) gela (girl) es (is) muy (very) jamile (beautiful). – This girl is very beautiful.''
+
- ''Sey (this) gela (girl) es (is) muy (very) jamile (beautiful). – This girl is very beautiful.''
  
''Es (is) jamile (beautiful) hir (here). – It's beautiful here.''
+
- ''Es (is) jamile (beautiful) hir (here). – It's beautiful here.''
  
  
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4. Impersonal sentence (without the subject)
 
4. Impersonal sentence (without the subject)
  
''Pluvi (to rain) gro (much). – It rains / is raining much.''
+
- ''Pluvi (to rain) gro (much). – It rains / is raining much.''
  
''Treba (it's necessary) shwo (to talk). – It's necessary to talk.''
+
- ''Treba (it's necessary) shwo (to talk). – It's necessary to talk.''
  
''Es (is) garme (hot). – It's hot.''
+
- ''Es (is) garme (hot). – It's hot.''
  
  
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5. Negation: negation particle bu is placed before the verb group.
 
5. Negation: negation particle bu is placed before the verb group.
  
''Lu (he) bu (not) somni (to sleep). – He doesn't sleep / isn't sleeping.''
+
- ''Lu (he) bu (not) somni (to sleep). – He doesn't sleep / isn't sleeping.''
  
''Me (I) bu (not) wud (would) yao (to want) resti (to remain) dar (there). – I won't stay there.''
+
- ''Me (I) bu (not) wud (would) yao (to want) resti (to remain) dar (there). – I won't stay there.''
  
 
If there is at least one negative word in the phrase, the whole phrase gets a negative meaning. If there are several of them, that only emphasizes the negative meaning.
 
If there is at least one negative word in the phrase, the whole phrase gets a negative meaning. If there are several of them, that only emphasizes the negative meaning.
  
''Lu (he) bu (not) samaji (to understand) nixa (nothing), neva (never)! – He doesn't understand anything, ever!''
+
- ''Lu (he) bu (not) samaji (to understand) nixa (nothing), neva (never)! – He doesn't understand anything, ever!''
  
  
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6. General question: the particle '''ob''' (is placed before the phrase):
 
6. General question: the particle '''ob''' (is placed before the phrase):
  
''Ob yu (you) lubi (to love) me (I)? – Do you love me?''
+
- ''Ob yu (you) lubi (to love) me (I)? – Do you love me?''
  
 
Possible answers: '''ya''' (yes), '''non''' (no), '''doh'''
 
Possible answers: '''ya''' (yes), '''non''' (no), '''doh'''
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a) "'''bu ver'''?" (is placed after a phrase, with a comma):
 
a) "'''bu ver'''?" (is placed after a phrase, with a comma):
  
''Es (is) hao (good) meteo (weather), bu (not) ver (really)? – The weather is good, isn't it?''
+
- ''Es (is) hao (good) meteo (weather), bu (not) ver (really)? – The weather is good, isn't it?''
  
 
Possible answers: '''ver''' (yes, it's true), '''bu es ver''' (no, it isn't true).
 
Possible answers: '''ver''' (yes, it's true), '''bu es ver''' (no, it isn't true).
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b) Repeating of the verb with "bu" particle:
 
b) Repeating of the verb with "bu" particle:
  
''Yu lai-bu-lai? – Are you coming (or not)?''
+
- ''Yu lai-bu-lai? – Are you coming (or not)?''
  
  
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8. Emphasizing of the whole phrase meaning: '''ya''' (before or after the predicate)
 
8. Emphasizing of the whole phrase meaning: '''ya''' (before or after the predicate)
  
''Me (I) ya lubi (to love) yu (you)! – I love you indeed!''
+
- ''Me (I) ya lubi (to love) yu (you)! – I love you indeed!''
  
''Es (is) ya hao (good) dey (day)! – What a good day!''
+
- ''Es (is) ya hao (good) dey (day)! – What a good day!''
  
  
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9. Emphasizing of a single word: '''hi''' (in assertion), '''ku''' (in a question)
 
9. Emphasizing of a single word: '''hi''' (in assertion), '''ku''' (in a question)
  
''Me (I) hi bu (not) yao (to want) somni (to sleep). – Personally I don't want to sleep.''
+
- ''Me (I) hi bu (not) yao (to want) somni (to sleep). – Personally I don't want to sleep.''
  
''Yu (you) ku bu (not) yao (to want) somni (to sleep)? – Is it you who doesn't want to sleep?''
+
- ''Yu (you) ku bu (not) yao (to want) somni (to sleep)? – Is it you who doesn't want to sleep?''
  
 
== Compound Sentence ==
 
== Compound Sentence ==

Revision as of 20:52, 15 April 2014

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