Gramatika pa inglish
(→The alphabet and pronounciation) |
(→Word stress) |
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The general rule is as follows: the vowel before the last consonant or "y" is stressed. | The general rule is as follows: the vowel before the last consonant or "y" is stressed. | ||
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Thus, if the word ends in a consonant, the last syllable is stressed: | Thus, if the word ends in a consonant, the last syllable is stressed: | ||
| − | + | kalAm – pencil, | |
| + | sabAh – morning | ||
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If the word ends in a vowel, the syllable before the last one is stressed: | If the word ends in a vowel, the syllable before the last one is stressed: | ||
| − | + | mAta – mother, | |
| + | kitAba – book, | ||
| + | famIlia – family | ||
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The "y" itself is never stressed, it can affect the stress position though: | The "y" itself is never stressed, it can affect the stress position though: | ||
| − | + | dEy – day, | |
| − | + | ruchEy – brook | |
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not stressed in "ao": | not stressed in "ao": | ||
| − | dao – way | + | dao – way, |
| − | + | auto – car, | |
| − | auto – car | + | euro – euro, |
| − | + | fail – file, | |
| − | euro – euro | + | meil – mail, |
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| − | fail – file | + | |
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| − | meil – mail | + | |
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asteroida – asteroid | asteroida – asteroid | ||
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Thus, there are 4 endings that are never stressed: | Thus, there are 4 endings that are never stressed: | ||
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| − | + | -'''um''' (fOrum – forum, vAkum – vacuum, sIrkum – around) | |
| − | + | -'''us''' (vIrus – virus, tOnus – tonus, sIrkus – circus) | |
| − | + | -'''er''' (sUper – super, kompyUter – computer) | |
| − | - | + | -'''en''' (exAmen – exam, Iven – even) |
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| − | + | Endings -'''ik'''- and -'''ul'''- in simple (not compound) nouns and adjectives are not stressed: | |
| − | + | gramAtika – grammar, pUblika – audience, Afrika – Africa, polItike – politic, lOgike – logic | |
| − | + | stImula – stimulus, fAbula – fairy-tale, fOrmula – formule | |
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| − | - | + | -'''im''' in "mInim" (the least), "mInimum", "mAximum" is not stressed. |
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In some special cases the non-standard stress is indicated by doubled vowel: | In some special cases the non-standard stress is indicated by doubled vowel: | ||
| − | adyoo – bye | + | adyoo – bye, namastee – hello, how do you do |
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The stress doesn't change when using the following: | The stress doesn't change when using the following: | ||
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| − | + | ● the plural form of nouns (+ (e)s): kitAba / kitAbas – book / books, man / mAnes – man / men | |
| − | ● | + | ● adverbs formed from adjectives: jamIle / jamIlem – beautiful / beautifully |
| − | + | ● nouns formed from verbs: lOpi / lOping – run / running | |
== Simple sentence == | == Simple sentence == | ||
